This isn't a complete answer as I'm sure other's will come up with more inventive options but your list misses some spells that are effective:
Slow:
An affected target's speed is halved, it takes a -2 penalty to AC and Dexterity Saving Throws, and it can't use Reactions.
Confusion
Similar to Slow, it removes an affected creature's ability to take reactions.
Silence
For the duration, no sound can be created within or pass through a 20-foot-radius sphere centered on a point you choose within range.
As Counterspell has a somatic component, the Silence spell would prevent it from being cast.