No, they don't. The origin of the ethical system encoded in the alignment system is teleological: different moral approaches to reality exist because cosmic forces created them, and your alignment is literally which cosmic forces you are aligned (aka “allied”) with and working to further in the Cosmic War (whether you know it or not).

The Cosmic War is not a setting assumption that survived beyond 1st edition AD&D. Every edition after just held on to the alignments (which no longer indicate alignment with anything) because of tradition. No attempt to ground them in a real or reasonable ethical system has ever been attempted; only post hoc justifications and analogies have been attempted, and then only for the pragmatic goal of explaining them to a reader who has very likely never read Three Hearts and Three Lions or anything by Michael Moorcock regarding Cosmic Law and Chaos.

No, they don't. The origin of the ethical system encoded in the alignment system is teleological: different moral approaches to reality exist because cosmic forces created them, and your alignment is literally which cosmic forces you are aligned (aka “allied”) with and working to further in the Cosmic War (whether you know it or not).

The Cosmic War is not a setting assumption that survived beyond 1st edition AD&D. Every edition after just held on to the idea alignments (which no longer indicate alignment with anything), with various tweaks to the specific list, because of tradition. No attempt to ground them in a real or reasonable ethical system has ever been attempted; only post hoc justifications and analogies have been attempted, and then only for the pragmatic goal of explaining them to a reader who has very likely never read Three Hearts and Three Lions or anything by Michael Moorcock regarding Cosmic Law and Chaos.