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Any attack against a prone target either has advantage if within 5 feet or disadvantage otherwise. Suppose I cast steel wind strike (XGtE, p. 166) and one of the targets is prone and not within 5 feet of my current position. An ordinary attack against this target from my current position would have disadvantage. Steel wind strike says:

You [...] vanish to strike like the wind. Choose up to five creatures you can see within range. Make a melee spell attack against each target. [...]

You can then teleport to an unoccupied space you can see within 5 feet of one of the targets you hit or missed.

Clearly, the "flavor" of this spell is that you are rapidly teleporting next to each target and attacking them (confirmed by Jeremy Crawford in this tweet). However, there is no explicit mention of movement or teleportation until after all the attacks are finished, though it is arguably implied by the phrase "vanish to strike like the wind".

Mechanically, when I make my attacks with steel wind strike, am I considered to be within 5 feet of each target, giving me advantage on the attack against a prone target? Or do I have disadvantage since the prone target is more than 5 ft from where I cast the spell?

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No, you are not within 5ft and so do not have advantage

The spell states you 'vanish' (whatever that means mechanically), make the attacks, and then after all the attacks are done you can teleport to various spaces. Nothing says you teleport to each target to make the attack. Likewise, you would have disadvantage to hit prone targets.

I agree the flavor of the spell is that you are moving so fast you can run up and hit all the targets, but that is not what the spell says it does. This is similar to how you don't actually use the weapon you are holding to make the attacks. Additionally, don't let the fact that you are making melee spell attacks throw you. You can make the 'melee' attack because the spell says you can, regardless of distance, and even a regular melee attack wouldn't necessarily have advantage vs a prone target (if you were using a reach weapon for instance).

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    \$\begingroup\$ May want to mention that you will have disadvantage because they are prone. \$\endgroup\$ Commented Nov 5, 2018 at 19:41
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    \$\begingroup\$ Yes, I was about to add that in as part of my normal cycle of "Answer quick, refine later", when my PC crashed. \$\endgroup\$
    – GreySage
    Commented Nov 5, 2018 at 19:44
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    \$\begingroup\$ You might consider giving an example of another spell that lets you make melee attacks from a distance, like Spiritual Weapon. \$\endgroup\$
    – Miniman
    Commented Nov 5, 2018 at 21:31
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    \$\begingroup\$ @Miniman: Here's a relevant Crawford ruling on that case. His "yes" is ambiguous, but he follows it up clearly with: "The spellcaster is the attacker with spiritual weapon—the one doing the targeting." \$\endgroup\$
    – V2Blast
    Commented Nov 6, 2018 at 0:37
  • \$\begingroup\$ Another example would be thorn whip, which allows you to make a melee spell attack against a target up to 30 feet away \$\endgroup\$ Commented Oct 23, 2020 at 18:59
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Straight roll.

You would have neither advantage nor disadvantage on all of the attacks.

First, we understand that there is no flavor text in spell descriptions.

That said, the following sentence is rules, not flavor:

You flourish the weapon used in the casting and then vanish to strike like the wind.

You vanish. If you vanish, you are unseen. If you are unseen, then:

When a creature can't see you, you have advantage on attack rolls against it.

You are an unseen attacker for each attack of steel wind strike, so they would be made with advantage.

Now, since the targets are prone, and we are making an attack against them from more than five feet away, this gives us disadvantage. The advantage and disadvantage cancel out to a straight roll.

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    \$\begingroup\$ This raises another point which might be worthy of its own question: Do you get advantage on attacks with steel wind strike because you 'vanish'? (Perhaps as a corollary: Is it balanced?) Your interpretation, while it has logic from a RAW perspective, may be more of an unintended side-effect of the description than how the spell was intended to work. \$\endgroup\$
    – BBeast
    Commented Oct 26, 2020 at 5:33
  • \$\begingroup\$ I've now posted such a question rpg.stackexchange.com/q/176830/48827 . Feel free to provide your answer there. \$\endgroup\$
    – BBeast
    Commented Oct 26, 2020 at 6:17

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