At some point since this question was asked, Pazio released a splat book that includes all the slots for all the different kinds of Animal Companions.
Source
Avian
Armor, belt, chest (saddle), eyes, head, headband, neck, ring, wrist
Biped (claws)
Armor, belt, chest, eyes, head, headband, neck, ring, shoulders, wrist
Biped (hands)
All item slots
Piscine
Belt, chest (saddle), eyes
Quadruped (claws)
Armor, belt (saddle), chest, eyes, head, headband, neck, shoulders, wrist
Quadruped (hooves)
Armor, belt (saddle), chest, eyes, feet (horseshoes), head, headband, neck, shoulders
Quadruped (short legs)
Armor, eyes, head, headband, neck, shoulders
Quadruped (other)
armor, belt (saddle), chest, eyes, head, headband, neck, shoulders
Serpentine
Belt, eyes, headband
Unusual (Plant and Vermin)
Belt, eyes