One has to resort to random old (pre-SR4) sourcebooks to get detailed information outside of North America.
Awakened Lands deals primarily with Australia, and is available through third-party merchants on Amazon; it also has shorter sections in east Africa and south Asia and possibly Siberia (I forget). I'm not going to keep linking to Amazon or wherever; you can still find most everything at least on eBay, but it may take some work.
Smuggler Havens has a section on Vladivostok, but mostly covers North America.
Shadows of Europe and Shadows of Asia were on Europe and Asia (the former being somewhat more comprehensive, as I recall). There was supposed to be a Shadows of Latin America, but it never made it out; some of the drafts were made available by the authors, however.
The old Tír na nÓg, Germany, and London sourcebooks cover what we would now call Ireland and--well, we call the other two the same thing. (London covers more than just London, but it isn't a comprehensive treatment of the UK either.)
For SR4, there really aren't any supplements that treat regions in depth. Sixth World Almanac is a good overview--better than has ever existed before--but obviously can't be very comprehensive. There are predominantly but not exclusively non-North-American cities and locations in all of Runner Havens, Corporate Enclaves, Feral Cities, and War!. These can be good as long as you don't want to get too far outside the targeted location.