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In Pathfinder 2, the spell Spiritual Weapon has, as a requirement, "you have a deity".
What does it mean exactly? My guesses (from the most to the least likely imho)
You need the "deity" class feature (that you get as a cleric)
You need to be a follower of a specific deity
You need to be the owner of a deity (ok, this one is so unlikely that I only put it here for the joke)
The evidence for this in the Core Rulebook is somewhat scant. When a statblock requires a class feature it is phrased as noun. For example, the harming hands Cleric feat (pg. 121) says :
Prerequisites: harmful font
This is not a phrase, like Spiritual Weapon. If it had meant that you should possess the Deity class feature it would be phrased similarly.
Lost Omens Gods & Magic clarified this more. The "Character Options" section starts with an introduction which explains that spells, items, feats, etc. that require faith are largely for flavor, rather than mechanical, reasons. This is formalized in blocks by requiring the worship of a deity. The Feats section of that book (pg. 105) is full of feats that require worshiping deities with specific traits. As the introduction to that section says:
While champions and clerics have ties to their chosen deities and gain definitive benefits from them, they don't hold a monopoly on such abilities. The following feats represent ways all characters might benefit from adherence to a deity or a particular philosophy ...
Therefore, it must be true that clerics and champions (who have the Deity class feature) are not the only classes which can access spells, feats, et cet. that require worshipping a deity. This confirms the text.
So what does it mean to "have a deity". There is no special magic to this phrase, but the Core Rulebook (pg.29) explains the relationship between player characters and deities:
Write down the deity your character worships, if any. Champions and clerics must worship a deity. ...
If your character worships a deity (a phrase not defined in any stat block anywhere), then they may use Spiritual Weapon. The class feature can't be what allows access.
This has been corrected in the errata to make the situation very clear.
Page 373: In spiritual weapon, you might not have a deity, particularly if you're an occult caster, so change it to manifest a "a club, a dagger, or your deity's favored weapon."
It means you need to be the follower of A deity. The shape the weapon takes depends on the deity.
From https://2e.aonprd.com/Rules.aspx?ID=99 :
Write down the deity your character worships, if any. Champions and clerics must worship a deity.
This means your character may or may not worship any, unless it's a champion or cleric.
