If I am using a weapon that takes a full round to fire (such as slow-firing weapons), does it count as an attack action so I can use something like Vital Strike with it?
Slow-Firing: A slow-firing weapon requires a full-round action to use, and thus cannot be used to make iterative attacks.
Vital Strike: When you use the attack action, you can make one attack at your highest base attack bonus that deals additional damage.