First of all: in my experience, unless you truly are a nasty DM, the risk of dying in D&D 5E is almost negligible. There might be other issue with encounter balancing if you expect them to die so much, but this is not the place where to discuss on thisthat. In any case, aside from agreeing with almost every other answer that you received (for instance this orand this), I wanted to add an extra suggestion, which I will explain in the following.:
Tl;dr: I propose to adapt the recoveriesRecoveries from 13th Age13th Age to 5E, which in some sense are similar to enhanceenhancing the power of the standard Hit Dice in order to allow them to cure more and to be used in combat as well.
If you are really afraid of killing your players to easily, you can borrow the recoveryRecovery mechanics from 13th Age (which is an awesome game, even if much more combat oriented and tactical, so not everyone's cup of tea), which allows the game to run almost as smoothly even without any healing character. ReferenceReferences from that game are available here, specifically at the section on Rally and Recoveries
In short, the idea is to introduce a pool of points (a fixed amount, let's say 8, more on this later) which we call recoveriesRecoveries. Each recoveryRecovery point allows thea character to heal her/him selfthemself by 1/4 of her/histheir hit point maximum. The recoveries canRecoveries can be spent in two ways:
- In combat, one can spend one recovery as a standard action. You can use in this way only one recoveryoncr per battle, though.
- Out of combat, a character can spend any amount of recovery to heal as a short rest.
Depending on how much you want to tinker the system, a lot of features can interact with thisthese mechanics, for instance:
- Healing potionpotions can heal you of one recoveryRecovery instead of giving you a "free healing". This way potions scale up in an automatic way, but as is they are not different than using a recoveryRecovery alone. So instead they can provide an extra benefit: remove also a condition, heal an extra amount or require another action to be used (i. e. a bonus action) or that they can be used on other character (thus allowing to cure someone who is at 0 hp).
- The Fighter ability second wind can spend a recovery instead of a "free healing", but it can be used as a bonus action. Moreover, to compensate losing the free healing, the Fighter might gain an extra recovery and/or become able of using two per combat.
- Similar things might be implemented for spells and such, I think you get the idea.
- Of course thisthese mechanics should replace the mechanics of the hit dices for out of combat healing.
How many recoveriesRecoveries?
In 13th Age13th Age each adventuring "day" lasts a fixed number of encounters: all the mathematics of the game is rigorously balanced to fight in 4 encounters between each long rest. This allows you to compute almost exactly the number of recoveriesRecoveries needed to maintain the equilibrium.
In 5E the number of encounter is not fixed: the suggested one is between 6 and 8, depending on the challenge. When I prepare my campaigns, I try to hover toward the lower end of this range (4-6) in order to allow myself to increase the challenge. In any case, I would say that around 2 recoveriesRecoveries for each encounter can allow you to get a you a rough idea. But! There is a caveat on this reasoning: damagesdamage dealt by monsters in 5E is really tuned down! The vast majority of the enemies in the game are more of the tanky type. Given this, I would give each character around 1.5 recoveryRecoveries per encounter, thus if you plan on doing 6 encounter per day, around 9 recoveriesRecoveries should suffice.
Moreover, another caveat is how much you want the recoveriesRecoveries to interact with the other forms of healing: if recoveriesRrcoveries are the only mean withmeans by which one can cure oneself, maybe you can increase that number or vice-versaor lower it in the opposite case.