No, you can not.
As quoted, the Teleport spell allows to teleport a single object instead of creatures:
[...], or a single object that you can see within range, to a destination you select. If you target an object, it must be able to fit entirely inside a 10-foot cube, and it can't be held or carried by an unwilling creature.
Although the globe created by the Freezing Sphere spell satisfies the dimension requirement and it is carried by a willing creature (the caster themself), it is not an object, hence it is not a valid target for the Teleport. Indeed, when a spell creates an object (in game terms) the description specifies that: see for example Arcane Hand (emphasis mine):
The hand is an object that has AC 20 and hit points equal to your hit point maximum.
As a DM probably I would allow this, mainly for the following reasons:
- This is a creative, although very powerful, idea of combining spells.
- There is a legal workaround according to the rules: just put the small globe inside an object (such as a small jewerlyjewelry chest) and teleport this object. You can do this since the spell description states that
You can also set the globe down without shattering it
- The caster is using 2 high level slots; moreover, until level 20 there is just one 7th level slot available.
Anyway, I would put some caveats:
- An INT(Arcana) check for successfully combining this two spell, beside using the table in the Teleport spell. The DC should be quite high, since a caster with 7th level slots usually have at least +10 in INT(Arcana) checks.
- If the check is successful but not higher than DC+5 (e.g. the DC is 22 and the caster rolls 24), the caster suffer from at least one exhaustion level. This is inspired by consequences of Saving Throws that fail by 5 or more, like the one triggered by a Drow's Hand Crossbow Attack.