No. See the descriptive text for the following items, which raise or mention an animal's intelligence in a way which indicates or implies that increasing an animal's intelligence score doesn't automatically change its type:
Collar of the True Champion (Ultimate Equipment) Circlet of Speaking (Animal Archive)
See also the text in the Advancing Companions section on Animal Companions towards the bottom of this page (Also in Ultimate Campaign), which also clearly implies this isn't the case, with sections like:
"If the companion's Intelligence score is 2 or lower..." and "Training an animal to be smarter, more intuitive, or more self-aware is less easy to justify—except in the context where people can cast spells and speak with animals"
and the section titled "Intelligent Animals" (also from Ultimate Campaign. Link goes to same page, scroll down) which just flat-out says this doesn't happen:
"Even if an animal's Intelligence increases to 3 or higher, you must still use the Handle Animal skill to direct the animal, as it is a smart animal rather than a low-intelligence person (using awaken is an exception—an awakened animal takes orders like a person)."