Assuming you're interested in 5th edition:
Run & Gun contains an optional rule (RG2, p. 108), but it's based on \$CON + STR\$, so dwarfs are usually easier to hit than humans. The following modifiers apply to the attack roll based on the sum:
$$
\begin{array}{|r|r|}\hline
CON+STR&modifier\\\hline
2\text{ to }4& -1\\\hline
5\text{ to }10& 0\\\hline
11\text{ to }15& +1\\\hline
\geq16& +2\\\hline
\end{array}
$$
There are smaller (-2 and -3) and larger (+3) modifiers, but those don't apply to metahuman sized targets.
As for fairness:
Trolls have a maximum INT that is reduced by 1. Also the cost of building a troll is extraordiarily high. Giants als have a reduced REA max.
But why is using the same modifier unfair? You knew the benefits and drawbacks of building a dwarf/troll when creating the char and size doesn't seem to be considered a advantage or drawback when determining the costs of a metatype (except for higher lifestyle cost).