Method 1: point-based from Mongoose Traveller
There is a point-based Character Generation in Mongoose's edition. It's not in the current SRD, but is in the core rulebook. (If it were in the SRD, I'd simply quote it for you.)
Method 2: GM Generation
Give the players an overview of character types at the end of the session prior. Ask them which type of character they want.
Generate them on your own time, and hand them out at session.
You might consider generating 2-3 PCs matching the career chosen, and give the player the choice of which.
Other methods that still involve rolling dice (which the OP has already rejected):
Method 3: Automation
There are several levels of automation available, and literally dozens of programs.
Searching the web for Traveller Character Generation software will find plenty, for a variety of OS's, from Apple II to Mac and Windows current versions.
Method 4: Rolling in sets
Roll for survival, commission/position, promotion, and reenlistment in one swoop... using 4 pairs of different colored dice. My preference is red, white, blue, green (in that order), or blue, red, yellow, black (in that order).
Roll them all at once, then note received skill rolls. Pick tables, roll all rolls on the skill tables at once (use colors by which skill table).
Likewise, for benefits and cash, roll them all at once.
This can save a few minutes.
Method 5: Trust them
Let the players generate their characters on their own, and trust them to bring them to session complete, with shoppy-store already done.