Yes; Whirling Frenzy does not list an exception to the general multiple-attack rule
I suppose, on some level, you have your extra attack even if you don’t full attack, but you cannot use it unless you full attack because of this rule:
Combat > Actions in Combat > Full-round Actions > Full Attack
If you get more than one attack per round [...] for some special reason you must use a full-round action to get your additional attacks.
The only thing I am aware of that gets around this requirement in a general situation is Tome of Battle’s Snap Kick:
When you make a melee attack with one or more
melee weapons (including a standard attack, full attack, or
even a strike maneuver), you can make an additional attack at
your highest attack bonus.
This parenthetical is necessary to get Snap Kick to have this behavior.